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Kelli Cheatham, “Police Warn about New Drug Made from Raw Sewage,” WSBT South Bend, November 7, 2007 (дата обращения: 05.03.2013), URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20071109120038/; URL: .
12
Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966), 1–50.
13
Janice Moulton, “A Paradigm of Philosophy: The Adversary Method,” in Discovering Reality, Second Edition: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, ed. Sandra Harding and Merrill B. Hintikka (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1983), 149–164.
14
Lewis Hyde, Trickster Makes This World: How Disruptive Imagination Creates Culture (Edinburgh: Canongate, 1998).
15
Ibid., 2–14, 71, 283.
16
Ibid., 285–288.
17
Ibid., 287.
18
Ibid., 288.
19
Gabriella Coleman, “Hacker and Troller as Trickster,” Gabriellacoleman.org, February 7, 2010 (дата обращения: 10.06.2010), URL: .
20
“Troll,” Oxford English Dictionary (дата обращения: 07.09.2011), URL: .
21
Michelle Tepper, “Usenet Communities and the Cultural Politics of Information,” in Internet Culture, ed. David Porter (New York: Routledge, 1997), 39–55.
22
Judith Donath, “Identity and Deception in the Virtual World,” in Communities in Cyberspace, ed. Mark A. Smith and Peter Kollock (New York: Routledge, 1998), 29–60.
23
Lincoln Dahlberg, “Computer Mediated Communication and the Public Sphere,” Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 7, no. 1 (2001): 0, doi: 10.1111/j.1083–6101.2001.tb00137.x.
24
Claire Hardacker, “Trolling in Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication: From User Discussions to Academic Definitions,” Journal of Politeness Research 6, no. 2 (2010): 237, doi: 10.1515/JPLR.2010.011.
25
Ibid., 225–235.
26
Kelly Bergstrom, “Don’t Feed the Troll: Shutting Down Debate about Community Expectations on Reddit.com,” First Monday 16, no. 8 (дата обращения: 02.09.2011), URL: .
27
«Как я дружил в социальной сети» (Catfish), реж. Генри Джуст и Эриэль Шульман (Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures, 2010).
28
“Senate Bill 1411”, California State Legislature, 2010 (дата обращения: 12.04.2011), URL: .
29
“Troll,” Encyclopedia Dramatica, December 12, 2004 (дата обращения: 12.12.2009, сайт удален), URL: .
30
“FAQ,” 4chan (дата обращения: 23.10.2009), URL: .
31
Josh Quittner, “The War between alt.tasteless and rec.pets.cats,” Wired, 1993 (дата обращения: 10.06.2013), URL: .
32
Anon1, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке», июнь – август 2011 г.
33
Andy Bennett and Keith Kahn-Harris, After Subculture: Critical Studies in Contemporary Youth Culture (London: Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2004).
34
Докинз Р. Эгоистичный ген. М.: АСТ: Corpus, 2013.
35
Jean Burgess, “‘All Your Chocolate Rain Are Belong to Us?’ Viral Video, YouTube, and the Dynamics of Participatory Culture,” in Video Vortex Reader: Responses to YouTube (Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, 2008), 101–109;
Ryan Milner, “The World Made Meme: Discourse and Identity in Participatory Media” (PhD diss., University of Kansas, 2012) (дата обращения: 21.02.2014), URL: ;
Limor Shifman, Memes in Digital Culture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013).
36
Henry Jenkins, Sam Ford, and Joshua Green, Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture (New York: NYU Press, 2013).
37
Shifman, Memes in Digital Culture, 6 (курсив в оригинале).
38
Ryan M. Milner, “Media Lingua Franca: Fixity, Novelty, and Vernacular Creativity in Internet Memes,” Selected Papers of Internet Researchers 3 (2013) (дата обращения: 01.05.2014), URL: .
39
“Ben Huh – Bio,” Bravotv.com, 2014 (дата обращения: 05.06.2014), URL: .
40
Miki-em, “Rick Astley Does Live Rickroll at Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade,” Laughing Squid, November 27, 2008 (дата обращения: 05.06.2014), URL: .
41
Tom Connor Mar, “The Internet Anthropologist’s Field Guide to ‘Rage Faces,’” Ars Technica, March 11, 2012 (дата обращения: 05.06.2014), URL: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/03/the-internet-anthropologists-field-guide-to-rage-faces/2.
42
Высказывание moot’a, процитированное в статье: Lee Knutilla, “User Unknown: 4chan, Anonymity and Contingency,” First Monday 16, no. 10 (2011) (дата обращения: 05.10.2011), URL: .
43
“Lulz,” Encyclopedia Dramatica, January 15, 2012 (дата обращения: 15.01.2012), URL: .
44
Matthias Schwartz, “Malwebolence: The Trolls among Us,” New York Times, August 8, 2008 (дата обращения: 10.08.2008), URL: .
45
John Suler, “The Online Disinhibition Effect,” CyberPsychology & Behavior 7, no. 3 (2004): 321.
46
Маркс К. Товарный фетишизм и его тайна// Капитал. Т. 1. СПб.: Лениздат, 2013. С. 43.
47
“Jessi Slaughter,” Know Your Meme, July 10, 2010 (дата обращения: 20.06.2011), URL: .
48
“Original Jessi Slaughter before Emotional Breakdown (Bad Mouthed Girl),” YouTube, July 18, 2010 (дата обращения: 20.03.2012), URL: .
49
“Jessi Slaughter,” URL: .
50
Mike Hubler and Diana Bell, “Computer-Mediated Humor and Ethos: Exploring Threads of Constitutive Humor in Online Communities,” Computers and Composition 20, no. 3 (2003): 277–282.
51
James English, Comic Transactions (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), 16–19.
52
Milner, “Hacking the Social,” URL: .
53
«Боевые жабы» (Battletoads), разраб. Тим и Крис Стэмперы (Twycross, Leicestershire, UK: Rare, 1991).
54
“Is This Battletoads,” Encyclopedia Dramatica, February 26, 2010 (дата обращения: 05.03.2010, сайт удален), URL: .
55
Gabriella Coleman, “Our Weirdness Is Free,” Triple Canopy, January 15, 2012 (дата обращения: 16.01.2012), URL: .
56
Gregory Bateson, “A Theory of Play and Fantasy,” in Steps to an Ecology of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972), 177–193.
57
Anon2, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке», июнь – август 2011 г.
58
Anon3, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке», июнь – июль 2011 г.
59
Erving Goffman, “Front,” in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (New York: Doubleday, 1959), 22–30.
60
Бергсон А. Смех. М.: Искусство, 1992.
61
Питер Партивэн, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке» и «Скайпе», 2011–2012 гг.
62
Уилсон Музоне, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке» и «Скайпе», 2011–2012 гг.
63
Anon2, обмен сообщениями с автором в «Фейсбуке».
64
Gershon Legman, No Laughing Matter: Rational of the Dirty Joke (New York: Bell, 1971).
65
Ibid., 21.
66
Dick Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style (New York: Routledge, 1972).
67
Mizuko Ito, “Virtually Embodied: The Reality of Fantasy in a Multi-User Dungeon” in Internet Culture, ed. David Porter (New York: Routledge, 1997), 87–111.
68
Lisa Nakamura, Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet (New York: Routledge, 2002);
Lisa Nakamura, Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the Internet (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007).
69
danah boyd, “Why Youth Use Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life,” in Youth, Identity and Digital Media, ed. David Buckingham (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), 1–26.
70
Lisa Nakamura, Beth Kolko, and Gilbert Rodman, Race in Cyberspace (New York: Routledge, 2000).
71
Tom Boellstorff, Coming of Age in Second Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).
72
danah michele boyd, “Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics,” danah.org, Fall 2008 (дата обращения: 19.09.2009), URL: .
73
Gabriella Coleman, “Phreakers, Hackers, and Trolls and the Politics of Transgression and Spectacle,” in The Social Media Reader, ed. Michael Mandiberg (New York: NYU Press, 2010), 99–120.
